有關職稱英語重點語法講解:被動語態

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一、被動語態考點聚焦

有關職稱英語重點語法講解:被動語態

(一)被動語態的概念: 不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(by短語有時可以省略)。

(二)被動語態的構成方式: be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。

(三)被動語態的基本用法: (1)使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題。

主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化。看下列例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday。 An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday。 I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday。

②主動變被動時,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long。 He was made to work all day long(by the boss)

③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her)。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to。

④情態動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態,只需將它們後面的動詞原形變爲be +過去分詞。

⑤當句子的謂語爲say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補。(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在後面用主語在後面用主語從句來表示。如: People say he is a smart boy。 It is said that he is a smart boy。 He is said to be a smart boy。 People know paper was made in China first。 It is known that paper was made in China first。 Paper was known to be made in China first。 類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

(2)不能用被動語態的幾種情況。

①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用於被動語態之中。

②表示狀態的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。

③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等。

④表示“希望、意圖”的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 ⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態,不能用被動語態。

⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態。

⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。

(3)主動形式表被動意義。

①當feel、look、smell、taste、sound等後面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示“開始、結束、關、停、轉、啓動”等意義時。 This kind of cloth washes easily。這種布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well。這些小說不暢銷。 My pen writes smoothly。我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。 The door won’t lock。門鎖不上。 The fish smells good。魚聞起來香。

②當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發生、關閉、制定”等意思時。 The plan worked out successfully。 The lamps on the wall turn off。 ③want, require, need後面的.動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 ④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 ⑤在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink。 The girl isn’t easy to get along with。 另外:be to blame(受譴責),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。

(4)被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。

①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench。(He seats himself on a bench。)坐在凳子上。

②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door。(He hid himself behind the door。)他藏在門後。

③be lost迷路

④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt。

(5)被動語態與系表結構的區別 被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態。如: The book was sold by a certain bookstore。(被動語態) The book is well sold。(系表結構)