刑事訴訟證據開示程序的構建

內容摘要 證據開示是指控辯雙方在庭審前或審判過程，依照一定的程序和方式，相互之間開示各自控制或掌握的訴訟證據和與之有關資料的一種制度。它在促進實體公正、程序公正以及訴訟效率上都有積極的作用。正因爲如此，不管是大陸法系國家，還是英美法系國家的刑事訴訟中都建立有一種證據開示制度，且有從單方開示向雙方開示、開示範圍不斷擴大等趨勢。我國現行刑事訴訟法雖然也有一些類似證據開示制度的規定，但卻很不完整，也很不科學，導致在實踐中存在諸多問題。之所以出現這種情況，這與我國重實體輕程序，重打擊犯罪輕人權保障的訴訟觀念有關，也與我國訴訟模式有關。我國應當根據雙向開示、不對等開示等原則，構建具有中國特色的證據開示制度。其中，要尤其注意開示時間、開示地點、開示範圍以及開示糾紛的解決等方面的構建。關鍵詞：刑事訴訟 證據開示 程序 構建

On the Construction of Evidence Discovery in Criminal Litigation
Abstract
Evidence discovery is a system which means before putting on trial or during the judging the accuser and the defense according to regular procedures and mode, each other shows lawsuit proof or related material they own mastered. It has played a great part in substantive justice procedural justice and litigation efficiency. As a result, both English-American Legal System Country and Continental Legal System Country have already established Evidence discovery system in Criminal procedure. What’s more, it exists an enlarging tendency from unilateral discovery to both sides discovery. So do the discovery scope. Current Criminal procedure law in our country exist similar regulations on criminal litigation. However, it is neither completed nor scientific. Consequently, it has brought about a great many problems in practice. What causes this situation? I think it is not only related to our country paying much attention to substantiality and punishing crime instead of procedure and human rights but also related to our country’s litigation mode. Our country ought to construct evidence discovery system which have a characteristic our own base on both two-way discovery and unequal discovery principles. Above all we should take notice of constructing on discovery time, discovery address, discovery range and solving of discovery words: Criminal Litigation， Evidence Discovery，Procedure，Construct
前 言
我國在1996 年的刑事訴訟法中，引入了當事人主義訴訟模式的某些合理成分，改變了傳統的由法官直接調查證據的方式，確定了控辯雙方向法庭舉證、質證，同時也不排除法官調查權的'一種特殊的審判方式。這種審判方式的順利開展，需要相關制度的支撐。證據開示制度就是其中的一個重要制度。但是，1996年的刑事訴訟法不僅沒有建立一種完全的證據開示制度，反而加大了律師閱卷難的問題。這和審判方式改革的方向是不相符合的。正因爲如此，在我國建立一種證據開示制度目前已基本達成共識。但是如何在我國刑事訴訟中建立證據開示制度，卻存在這樣或那樣的爭議。證據開示不僅刑事證據法的規則之一，也是法律程序的一部分；它不僅是實現實體法的手段，而且也是程序公正的重要要求。在我國，雖已有初步的證據開示制度，但還沒有建立起實質意義上的控辯雙方雙向證據開示制度。本文的目的在於通過闡述證據開示制度在刑事訴訟中的重要意義而試圖爲我國證據開示制度的構建提出一些建議性的措施。論文出處(作者):
論我國量刑規範化的制度改革