1.利用定義或解釋(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定語從句.
舉例：
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word pruning means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪） of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2.利用普通常識和經驗(common sense or experience)
舉例：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
ocelot means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.
adolescence means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood)
3.利用同義/同位語(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
舉例：
The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)