文學本科畢業論文開題報告

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開題報告是指開題者對科研課題的一種文字說明材料。這是一種新的應用寫作文體,這種文字體裁是隨着現代科學研究活動計劃性的增強和科研選題程序化管理的需要應運而生的。下面的是小編分享的與文學本科畢業論文開題報告有關的文章,歡迎繼續訪問應屆畢業生畢業論文網!

文學本科畢業論文開題報告

文學本科畢業論文開題報告一:

論文(設計)名稱:淺談賈寶玉與西門慶的悲劇性

一、研究或設計的目的和意義

《金瓶梅》作爲是中國的第1奇書,自問世以後,就爲中國的世情小說的發展奠定了基礎,並且把我國長篇小說的發展劃分成了才子佳人的故事和家庭生活爲題材描摹世態的及以社會生活爲題材、用諷刺筆法來暴露社會的黑暗的兩大派系。而《紅樓夢》在批判的繼承了《金瓶梅》的才子佳人小說的創作經驗後又有了重大的突破。成爲了世情小說最偉大的作品。在“54”文學革命者做出了新的評價,魯迅等闡述了《紅樓夢》的現實主義精神和傑出成就後,使《紅樓夢》的現實主義精神得以迴歸。直到現在,《紅樓夢》、《金瓶梅》仍是許多作家永遠讀不完、永遠值得讀的好書。成爲中國作家創作出高水平的作品的不可多得的借鑑品。然而,探討兩大名著的男主人公賈寶玉與西門慶的悲劇性,可以對兩大名著中的社會悲劇,人類悲劇,男人悲劇更好的認識和了解,以供後人借鑑。從而啓發後世的世情小說的創作,使今後的世情小說創作中的人物悲劇性達到1個更高的巔峯。

二、研究和設計的國內外現狀和發展趨勢:

中國的兩大世情小說《紅樓夢》、《金瓶梅》。對他們的研究是中國古代小說研究領域中的兩大學術熱點。被稱爲中國第1奇書的《金瓶梅》從106世紀末問世後,研究者1開始不是很多,但是隨着中國學術的從古典向現代轉型,隨着小說價值觀念的變革與更新。對《金瓶梅》的研究漸漸的由微入深,被學術界稱爲“金學”。並受到國外學者的高度重視。現如今的外文譯本有英、法、德、意、拉丁、芬蘭、俄、日、朝、越、蒙等10幾多種文種。對其做出了各方面的重大研究,並稱其爲中國通俗小說的發展史上1個偉大的創新。國內外的衆多評論者並對其的創作時代、作者,及其所要暴露的社會矛盾和小說中所剖視扭曲的人性、悲劇性,性的描寫,人物性格的刻畫,語言的運用,並對其形成的網狀結構做出了大量的歸納和探究。《紅樓夢》與《金瓶梅》之間有着10分明顯的繼承和發展的關係。《紅樓夢》是《金瓶梅》的1個重大的突破。引起了衆多的人對《紅樓夢》的評論和研究的興趣,並形成了1種專門的學問——紅學。《紅樓夢》這部偉大的作品是屬於中國的,也是屬於世界的。《紅樓夢》在國外有多種的譯本:英、法、日等10幾種語種的譯本。並且國內外衆多的評論者對其版本、作者,以及其的社會悲劇,人生悲劇,愛情悲劇,人物性格,個性化的文學語言,寫實與詩化的融合,渾融1體的網狀結構做出了大量的歸納和探究。然而,賈寶玉與西門慶作爲是《紅樓夢》和《金瓶梅》的兩位男主人公。國內外的衆多評論者都對其2人的人物形象,語言風格,現實原型,性格內涵,性的體驗,個人悲劇等都做出了歸納和探究。《紅樓夢》作爲是《金瓶梅》的1個延續、1個發展,它的男主人公賈寶玉與西門慶有着1定的聯繫,對其2人的研究在今後應趨向於2人的社會悲劇,人類悲劇,男人悲劇的詮釋及分析。

三、主要研究或設計內容,需要解決的關鍵問題和思路:

(1)總論

沒有《金瓶梅》就寫不出《紅樓夢》,從《紅樓夢》與《金瓶梅》題材類似的角度引出中心論點。

(2)分論

全文分3個部分

第1部分:闡述西門慶的悲劇性

西門慶1個市井無賴、流氓、淫棍,1個精明的商人,靠着他對金錢的佔有肆意的揮霍、放縱,以自我爲中心來實現他的放縱,及其通過金錢獲得了強大的權利,隨意的鄙棄人間,在此背後所體現出的社會的黑暗、貪腐。構成了其特有的社會悲劇、人類悲劇、男人的悲劇。 第2部分:闡述賈寶玉的悲劇性

賈寶玉1塊晶瑩剔透的寶玉1個顯耀的貴族,他的個性、他的自我、他對女孩子的尊崇迫使他與封建傳統相背道。他作爲榮國府的唯1繼承人,他肩負着榮國府的全部希望。但是他自身的性格特點,使他成爲了“大逆不道的不肖子。”

第3部分:論證傳統的價值觀、傳統的倫理觀與賈寶玉、西門慶的悲劇性

傳統的價值觀、傳統的倫理觀,在賈寶玉與西門慶的行爲中被肆意的踐踏,新興的與傳統的極大的對立,但是封建的舊勢力是無比強大的,最終,賈寶玉是失敗的,西門慶是失敗的,形成1個永恆的悲劇。

四、完成畢業論文(設計)所必須具備的工作條件及解決的方法:

1. 在圖書館查閱大量的文獻資料。

2. 利用百度上網搜索最新相關信息。

3. 在指導老師的幫助下最終完成畢業論文。

五、工作的主要階段、進度與時間安排:

1、論文的選題:20XX年1月

2、完成論文的開題報告:20XX年1月

3、完成論文的提綱:20XX年1月

4、撰寫論文:20XX年2-3月

5、修改論文:20XX年4月

6、完成定稿:20XX年4月

六、閱讀的主要參考文獻及資料名稱:

[1]管曙光編:《金瓶梅之迷》,中州古籍出版社,2000年版.

[2]明/蘭陵笑笑生著,司徒博文譯:《金瓶梅》,上海古籍出版社,2005年版.

[3]清/曹雪芹、高鄂著,張秀楓主編:《紅樓夢》,時代文藝出版社,2000年版.

[4]清/曹雪芹著,楊國祥、楊德宏主編:《紅樓夢》,長春出版社,1995年版.

[5]張國星編:《魯迅胡適等解讀〈金瓶梅〉》,遼海出版社,2002年版.

[6]尹恭弘著:《〈金瓶梅〉與晚明文化》,華文出版社,1997年版.

[7]袁行霈主編:《中國文學史》第4卷,高等教育出版社,1999年版.

[8]嚴明、田曉春等編著:《中國古代文學史(2)導學》,北京大學出版社,2002年版.

[9]張炯、鄧紹基、樊駿主編;《中華文學通史》第3、4卷,華藝出版社,1997年版.

[10]張國星編:《胡適魯迅王國維解讀〈紅樓夢〉》,遼海出版社,2002年版.

[11]智喜君著:《〈金瓶梅〉與欲》,遼海出版社,2005年版.

[12]張業敏著:《〈金瓶梅〉的藝術美》,教育科學出版社,1992年版.

[13]張國風著:《〈紅樓夢〉趣談與索解》,春風文藝出版社,1997年版.

[14]朱玄編:《紅樓夢資料彙編》,南開大學出版社,2001年版.

[15]朱玄編:《金瓶梅資料彙編》,南開大學出版社,2001年版.

[16]王蒙著:《王蒙話說〈紅樓夢〉》,作家出版社,2005年版.

文學本科畢業論文開題報告二:

一. 選題國內外研究的現狀

1. 國外主要研究現狀

國外對薩克雷的研究很多,內容包羅萬象。Iran Milligan從敘事的角度探討了薩克雷的寫作技巧、風格。Samuel C. Chew & Richard D. Altick主要從薩克雷的生平來解讀其作品,爲理解其中的社會背景和人物形象提供了比較客觀的依據。Harry Blamires在分析人物形象時認爲Becky Sharp是一個極有天分、工於心計的輕佻女子(a gifted calculating minx),靠智謀和色相謀得富有丈夫,並進入上層社會放蕩、作惡。與之相反,Amelia Sedley 則溫柔、誠摯、可愛(gentle, earnest and loving)。Carole Jones和Owen Knowles在Introduction說,作爲一名精明的 “strategist”, Becky總是有先見之明,捷足先登,因爲其他人都愚鈍、蠢笨。Edgar F Harden 的Thackeray The Writer: From Journalism to Vanity Fair 是一部全面評論薩克雷的書。最後一個章節對《名利場》進行了評述,Harden認爲薩克雷對Becky的態度是肯定的,並引用作品中的話進行論證。

EBSCOhost數據庫裏共有116篇關於薩克雷的評論文章,其中五分之四與名利場有關,大多探討了作品的語言風格、寫作技巧、歷史掌故、主題、人物刻畫等等,對Becky 的評價褒貶不一。其中John Hagan的文章長達28頁,從四個方面說明了薩克雷對 Becky寄予同情的緣由並予以反駁,分析了影響Becky性格形成的因素和社會環境以及Becky反社會的成因。在薩克雷看來,Becky is predominantly sympathetic。 Dee, Phyllis Susan從女性主義的角度通過對 Amelia和 Maggie Tulliver的分析,探討了薩克雷的Vanity Fair 和艾略特The Mill on the Floss中的 female sexuality 和triangular Desir,並對之進行描述、解讀,文章說:“這些小說中的女人雖然有時是男性慾望的被動客體,但是她們抵制並修正自己作爲客體的角色,擔任慾望主體的積極身份,並且設法掙脫男性主動慾望的.束縛”。 Lisa Jadwin的視角也較新,分析了《名利場》中的“表裏不一”(duplicity or double- discourse),認爲薩克雷對此是默許的,duplicity is both socially sanctioned and commonplace。 Lisa以爲,既然男人的 “unchastities”被看成是微不足道、可以原諒的,那麼,女人的“lies”同樣可以被看成是無關緊要、可以原諒的,即“ His (Man’s) license to ‘lie’with others is matched by her(woman’s) license to ‘lie’ about her motives, designs and ambitions.”

2. 國內研究現狀

相對於國外,國內對於薩克雷的研究極爲有限。文學史和文學評論書籍的作者普遍認爲他是一個資產階級文人,甚至“勢利”、“躲躲閃閃”,但同時也肯定了薩克雷作爲一個諷刺道德家在文學史上的地位,稱他以生動形象的文筆客觀真實地再現了他所處的那個時代的虛僞、貪婪、金錢至上的浮華世界。在人物分析中,對Becky的評價多有貶義,說她“墮落”、“內心世界骯髒”、“假正經”、“人格扭曲”、“冷漠”、“一無所有”、“追名逐利醉了心”,“在資本主義社會靠姿色和詭計混世的女騙子”(朱虹,吳富恆,劉文榮,陳慧君,楊豈深),而Amelia則“溫柔”、“純潔”、“富有獻身精神”。

中國期刊網上共有6篇。這些文章分別從翻譯、語言學和敘事學的角度對《名利場》進行分析。另外,《〈名利場〉中隱含作者的不連貫現象》(《外語研究》2003年第3期)從主觀不連貫性入手,探討了隱含作者的不連貫現象,並用“第三力量”理論分析了該現象的成因。《夏潑與愛米利亞兩個女性形象比較》(《濟寧師專學報》2002年第5期)從女性主義視角揭示了夏潑與愛米利亞這兩個女性形象所反映出來的性別文化內涵,在作者看來,薩克雷眼中的Becky Sharp是“遭貶抑”的,而Amelia是“受讚美”的,但其解讀未免膚淺空洞,根本不足以服人。

二. 選題的意義、重點、難點及創新點

1. 意義

雖然國內對薩克雷的研究由來已久,而且把他與狄更斯相提並論,對其作品的思想性和藝術性都予以高度評價。但評論中的意識形態色彩較濃,對文本的解讀比較主觀,大多認爲Becky 是薩克雷所深惡痛絕的人物,Amelia纔是作者心中的“angle”。偶有從女性主義角度進行分析的,也沒能深入挖掘作品的深刻內涵,從而理解作者的真實意圖。事實上,Becky是一個深受作者喜愛欣賞的人物,Amelia也並非他心目中的angle,用薩克雷自己的話說 :“I like Becky in that book.. Sometimes I think I have myself some of her tastes.”至於Amelia,作者借Becky之口說:“You are no more fit to live in the world than a baby in arms.”對於Becky的肯定和對Amelia的否定在作品中都是較頻繁出現的。如,Becky和 Rawdon Crawley 新婚燕爾,Rawdon興高采烈,作者有一段議論:“The best of woman ( Ihave heard my grandmother say) are hypocrites …Why has not seen a woman hide the dullness of a stupid husband, or coax the fury of a savage one? We accept this amiable slavishness and praise a woman for it; we call this pretty treachery truth. A good housewife is of necessity a humbug”.薩克雷在作品中爲什麼多次發表類似的議論?爲什麼對“大逆不道”的Becky如此看重?爲什麼他的着重點在女性人物身上?他那個年代的女人是一種什麼樣的生存狀態?本人以爲從女性主義文學批評的角度,通過人物分析來探索《名利場》中的女性意識是有研究價值的。

2. 重點

薩克雷在《名利場》中自始至終對弱勢女性羣體予以極大的關注和同情。對於叛逆者Becky,他的態度就總體而言是肯定、欣賞的,並在作品中有大量的描寫和議論。本文的重點即是探索薩克雷在刻畫Becky這一人物時所表現出的潛在女性意識。

3. 難點

薩克雷是一個冷峻的人,其寫作手法也別具一格,人稱諷刺、幽默小說家,濟sentimentalist, moralist, satirist於一身,擅長用irony, sarcasm等手法,其描寫議論中既有直白,更有弦外之音,言外之意,時常帶有較濃的主觀色彩,寓意深刻,雖然有很多心理描寫,但往往點到爲止。作品中複雜的,甚至表面看來自相矛盾的人物性格還要靠讀者自己去領會和把握。正如“幕啓前”中作者所說:“The little Becky Puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, and lively on the wire; the Amelia Doll, though it has had a smaller circle of admirers, has yet been carved and dressed with the greatest care by the artist”。正如作者所言,Becky這一形象flexible, round, 因此,解讀《名利場》的文本意義,分析人物性格從而揭示出作者在作品中所表現出來的女性意識有一定的難度。另外,傳統的男性作家的作品對女性形象及作用多有忽視和歪曲,而薩克雷卻客觀地再現了他所處時代的浮華世界的真實畫面,並表明自己的態度,故用女權主義批評理論來解讀《名利場》更增加了論文的難度。

4. 創新點

國內關於薩克雷作品的研究近作不是很多,對人物的評價、評論也少有新意。偶有從女性主義視角來分析的,卻過於膚淺,主觀,似乎沒有人關注過薩克雷眼中的Becky究竟是什麼樣的。用女權主義批評理論通過分析人物形象來揭示薩克雷在作品中表現出的女性意識應該是一個較新的評論方式。西蒙波伏娃的女權主義文學理論與《名利場》中表現出來的女性意識不謀而合。波伏娃的《第二性》突出表明了一種女性的辨證唯物主義觀點,它說明婦女不是作爲主體而是作爲客體的生存狀況主要取決於他們生存的環境,尤其是她們所處的經濟地位使然。女性能否解放自身,也主要取決於她們在經濟上能否擺脫自己的依附地位。波伏娃說:“By making the woman into the Other, society deprives her of her humanity. As soon as woman are the Other, they cannot form identities that depend on their own conscious being as subjects to themselves”.在薩克雷看來,如果說Amelia的悲哀在於她愛上了Osborne並完全依靠他的恩施,而他卻既不能負擔自己的命運,更不能負擔Amelia的命運,Becky的悲哀則在於她想超脫愛情,擺脫父權統治,靠自己的力量改變處境,卻又不得不依靠男性的尷尬境地。Becky之所以擺脫不了依附人格和邊緣身份,這是由於沒有經濟地位所決定的,而依靠自己的力量提高經濟地位,對於女人來說,在薩克雷那個年代的英國社會是無法實現的。因此,Becky的悲哀不僅僅是她個人的,同時也是整個父權社會的悲哀。Becky的掙扎抗爭雖然遭到了社會的唾棄,卻引起了薩克雷極大的關注和深深的同情。

三. 論文的建構(章節目錄)及簡要說明

Outline of the thesis

On Thackeray’s Feminist Consciousness in Vanity Fair

oduction

1.1 Thackeray’s life and his art

Thackeray was born in India. His father died when he was 4. Then he was sent back to England to be educated and didn’t see his mother for three years. At 30: no money, mad wife never recovered and surviving Thackeray for 30 years, many dependents, debilitating ailments. It’s not surprising that he died an early death, at 52.

I f Thackeray was inhibited and emotionally constipated, he had a great deal to be inhibited and constipated about, and if his works suffer from a want of passion it is probably because his own tragic circumstances and the conventions of his era necessarily pushed passion onto the sidelines.

His attitude toward women is to a large extent shaped by his experiences with them (hi mother, wife, his daughters and his female correspondents).

He is important not only as a great novelist but as a brilliant satirist(Columbia Encyclopedia).

1.2 Introduction of Vanity Fair

1.2.1 Main idea of Vanity Fair

1.2.2 The theme of Vanity Fair

Thakeray’s upper-middle-class Regency world is a noisy and jostling commercial fairground, predominantly driven by acquisitive greed and soulless materialism, in which the narrator himself plays a brilliantly versatile role as a serio-comic observer. Although subtitled “A novel without a hero”, Vanity Fair follows the fortunes of two inter-linked lives: through the retiring Amelia Sedley and the brilliant Becky Sharp, Thackeray examines the position of women in an intensely exploitative male world, and lovingly attacks a hypocritical society which advocates the Victorian Virtues of marriage and the family.

1.2.3 Literary reviews of critical articles on Vanity Fair

Vanity Fair is said to be a moralist novel. Though Thackeray’s first major work, it remains his best known and most frequently analyzed novel. And most of the articles followed one stereotype: the attack of the hypocritical society , the praise and approval of “tender, sweet, good-natured” Amelia Sedley—the “Victorian angel” and the disapproval of “calculating social-climber” or “adventuress” Becky Sharp.

1.2.4 The purpose of this thesis

It is to explore Thackeray’s feminist consciousness implied in the novel in the depiction of the heroine Becky Sharp. Thackeray’s attitude toward Becky is predominantly sympathetic or admiring.

2. Feminist literary Theories

Virginia Woolf: A Room of one’s Own

Simone De Beauvoir: The Second Sex

Elaine Showalter, Judith Fetterley, Helene Cixous

Beauvoir’s text declares that both French and Western Societies are patriarchal, that is, females are controlled by males. So, the female becomes the Other”, an object whose existence is defined and interpreted by the male, who is the dominant being in society……people are free to and must create their own existence, and thereby deconstruct the sexist notions of gender imposed on them by the society.

The task of feminist critics is to examine the female images in male writer’s literary works and uncover how they reflect and shape the attitudes that have restricted women.

Unlike other feminist critics who aim to reveal Thackeray’s negative attitude toward Becky in Vanity Fair , I’ll explore his feminist consciousness displaying in the depiction of this heroine.

3. Analysis of Thackeray’s Feminist Consciousness in Vanity Fair

3.1 Becky as maiden

The irresistible Becky Sharp enters adulthood by throwing John’s dictionary(with Miss Pinkerton’s signature in the flyleaf) out of the window, declaring a century before Mae West “I’m no angel!” Such artless (or heartless) simplicity is one of Becky’s strength. A strong-minded woman who threatens conventional Victorian notions of feminity in her rise from orphaned obscurity to considerable social status.

Much sympathy is gathered for Becky, in the first place, by virtue of the fact that, as an orphan and social outsider, she is offered such a meager selection of options by her society(as symbolized perhaps in the cast-off clothes she receives from Amelia). Upon leaving Miss Pinkerton’s, she quickly acquires a sense of what these options are: she can either marry well or consign herself to the position of governess, one of the few professions available to her.

As Amelia’s moral opposite, Becky is useful to Thackeray as a puppet-like creature who reflects in sharply-undisguised form the hypocritical pretense of Vanity Fair.

3.2 Becky as wife

Becky’s Marriage to Rawdon falls short of her anticipation by the carefully contrived withdrawal of Miss Crawley’s support.

Becky’s involvement with marriage-market is a particularly active and dynamic one. She commit herself to conquer the fashionable world and , by the exercise of her own portion of its wealth and opportunities. Thackeray’s view of a woman like Becky embodies a shrewd-and in many ways, very modern-sense of the social and economic options to all women of the time.

“I think I could be a good woman if I had five thousand a year”. Becky’s proposition that only the rich can afford to be moral involves the corollary that the simple moral life is impossible for anyone trying to gain a foothold in a society that crudely exploits all finer feelings for its own material ends; only the rich, who are protected by their wealth, can afford to be moral.

Thackeray is reported to have said in later life: “I like Becky in that book. Sometimes think I have myself some of her tastes”. Thackeray’s teasing confession paves the way for some interesting possibilities.

3.3 Becky as mistress

Lord Steyne’s relation to Becky is at least that of benefactor and sponsor in aristocratic society. Because of Marquis Steyne, Becky is deserted by her husband , becoming the laughing-stock of the fashionable society and has to go to the Continent. Mr. Fiche is sent to urge her to leave (Lord Steyne happens to be there), since she becomes a threat to the ordered corruption of his way of life.

But when lord Steyne died an worn out old man after a series of fits, an eloquent catalogue appeared in a weekly print, describing his virtues, his magnificence, his talents, his good actions…… is the case with patriarchal society.

3.4 Becky as mother

Her life experience forbids her to be a good mother, and this is also against the conventional virtues of women

3.5 Becky as vagabond

Becky not only gets away with murder, but also profits from it.

4. Conclusion

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