From Madame Butterfly to M. Butterfly：
A Study of David Henry Hwang’s Cultural Tactics
Abstract
David Henry Hwang (1957-) is the first Chinese-American playwright who presents his plays on Broadway. And his play M. Butterfly won a 1988 Tony Award for “Best Play”. By juxtaposing and intertextualizing a true story with Madame Butterfly, David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly not only deconstructs the sexist and racist stereotypes of the Orient but also subverts the original relationship of Western dominance and Eastern submissiveness. The thesis focuses on the tactics which are manifested in three aspects. The first part is concerned about David Henry Hwang’s Broadway hit M. Butterfly and critics’ reviews. On the basis of that, the second part is devoted to addressing the tactics of David Henry Hwang in his M. Butterfly from the following aspects: deconstruct, subvert, and reversed stereotypes of the East for the West, male for the female. Finally, the thesis attempts to suggest that the East and West should cut through the respective layers of culture and sexual misconceptions and deal with one another truthfully.
Key Words: M. Butterfly; Madame Butterfly; deconstruction; stereotypes; Orientlism
摘 要
黃哲倫（David Henry Hwang,1957-）是第1位在百老匯上演自己作品的華裔美國劇作家，他的代表作《蝴蝶君》曾獲託尼獎。黃哲倫通過寫出了1部男女關係、東西方關係、以及殉情方式都於普契尼的歌劇顛倒過來的《蝴蝶夫人》，不僅解構了對東方女子被定型爲蝴蝶夫人的刻板印象，而且也顛倒了原有的東西方權利關係。因此，本文着重分析了從《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》中，黃哲倫所用的文化策略。第1部分首先介紹了黃哲倫的《蝴蝶君》1劇在百老匯舞臺上演後的1系列反映。在此基礎上，第2部分則致力於詳細認真地分析黃在《蝴蝶君》劇作中的所運用的文化策略：通過擊碎西方男子腦海中關於東方女子是蝴蝶夫人的刻板印象，解構、顛覆了西方人對東方人在種族和性別上的'定型化的角色。該文在最後表達了黃哲倫在《蝴蝶君》中所要表達的觀點—切穿層層的文化和性別的錯誤感受,拋棄舊有的刻板印象，由對立、對抗轉爲合作、交流。
關鍵詞：蝴蝶君、蝴蝶夫人、解構、刻板印象、東方主義
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