職稱英語理工類語法複習(1):動詞篇

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從一定意義上講,英語語法就是動詞的語法,因此,掌握動詞的特性、變化、句型是學習英語語法的重中之重。爲了能更好地理解下面的講課內容,首先要搞清動詞的'幾個基本概念。

職稱英語理工類語法複習(1):動詞篇

1) be 動詞和do動詞:be動詞也稱狀態動詞,用於說明狀態或性質,主要用於構成英語的主系表句型;do動詞也稱爲行爲動詞,分及物動詞和不及物動詞;

2) 及物動詞和不及物動詞:不及物動詞後面不跟賓語, 也沒有被動語態; 及物動詞後面一定要有賓語;

3) 雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)結構和複合賓語(賓語 + 賓語補足語)結構:比較下面兩個句子:

My mother made me a cake.(母親給我做了塊蛋糕。)

My father made me a doctor. (父親把我培養成一名醫生。)

第一句是雙賓語結構,即 My mother made a cake for me.

第二句是複合賓語結構,其句法功能爲:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 說明覆合賓語結構中,賓語和賓語補足語之間有"主謂關係".

4) 情態動詞:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等動詞稱爲情態動詞,有三大特徵:A. 不受主語人稱和數的影響,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不變;B. 否定時在後面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 與另一動詞連用,中間不用 + " to ", 如上舉例。

請根據上述原則,(從語法角度)說出以下那種表達方式是對的:

A. She needs to see a doctor.

B. She doesn't need to see a doctor.

C. Does she need to see a doctor?

D. She needs not see a doctor.

E. She needn't see a doctor.

F. She doesn't need see a doctor.

G. She needs see a doctor.

從語法角度看,A、B、C、E是對的。

5) 助動詞:幫助實意動詞構成某種結構的詞,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天確實來了;我在辦公室見到他的。—— 表示強調)