1．What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better. That’s wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.
語言到底是用來幹什麼的呢？一些人認爲它是用來操練語法規則和學習一大堆單詞——而且單詞越長越好。這個想法是錯誤的。語言是用來交換思想，進行交流溝通的！
2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.
學習一門語言的方法就是要儘量多地練習說。
3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.
一位偉人曾說，反覆操練是非常必要的，你越多的將所學到的東西運用到實際生活中，他們就變的越自然。
4．Listening and imitating should always go together. Use the LIP method! Listen－Imitate－Practice!
聽和模仿一定要同時做，使用“LIP”方法：聽、模仿、操練！
5. Use all your senses to learn English. You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste English. Feel English with your heart. Immerse yourself in this language. Begin to think in English.
運用一切感官學習英語。你必須聽英語、說英語、觸摸英語、聞英語，還要嚐嚐英語的味道。用心去感受英語。讓自己沉浸在這門語言當中。學會用英語思考。
6. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.
放輕鬆！要有耐心，並且享受英語帶來的樂趣！學習外語只不過是小菜一碟。
7. Rome wasn’t built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day. God is equal to everyone!
冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的學習，更加勤奮的操練，你所付出的一切將會得到上帝的報答，上帝是公平的。
8. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word--use it. in your mind, in a sentence.
經常使用字典和語法指南。隨身攜帶一本小英文字典，當你看到一個新字時就去查閱它，思考這個字——然後學着去用它，在你的心中，在一個句子裏。
9. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something, think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence.
一有機會就努力去用英文來思考。看到某事時，想想它的英文單詞；然後把它用到一個句子中去。
10. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.
儘可能多的操練時態。學習一個動詞的時候，要學習它的各種形態。千言萬語不如一個行動
11. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.
我想學習和了解更多關於語言背後的文化知識，當你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地運用語言。
12．Keep an English to write a 高二 few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as possible before you go to sleep. This will teach you to “think” in English. This habit will also help you live a move organized and fruitful life. Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!
堅持寫英語日記。寫幾個句子描述一下你的一天，然後在睡覺前儘可能多地大聲操練。這個方法可以教會你用英語“思考”。這個習慣還可以幫助你生活得更有條理、更有成效。此外，考試時作文你也可以拿更高的分！
13．Choose materials that interest you! Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable and efficient. Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!
選擇讓你感興趣的資料！閱讀你喜歡的東西自然會使學習變得更愉快、更有效。你喜歡做，事情就會更容易！
14．Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences. You can become an excellent teacher through tutoring your friends. Teaching is a great way to learn! Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!
教你的朋友們英語，讓他們感到驕傲。教朋友的過程中你會成爲一名出色的老師。教學是學習的極好途徑！別忘了，英語學習會讓人更快樂、更年輕、活得更長久！
15．Don’t be afraid to ask for help. The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become. Never hesitate to ask! Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can! An eager student will always find a teacher!
不要害怕尋求幫助。你請求別入幫越多的忙，你的英語就會越厲害。不要猶豫，儘管發問！儘可能從不同的人身上學到更多的東西！求知慾強的學生總是會找到老師！
16．Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day! Constant exposure will make it much easier to master this language. If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.
每天聽，每天說，每天讀，讓英語時刻留在你腦中！持續的接觸會讓你更容易掌握這門語言。如果你只是一個星期複習一回，要記住你學的東西就太難了。
17．Keep a positive attitude about English. If you think of English as a burden, it will be one! If you think of English as fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!
學英語要有積極的態度。如果你認爲英語是個負擔，它就是個負擔！如果你認爲英語有趣又刺激，你就會更經常地練習，進步得更快！
18．Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up. We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope！
學習任何語言都是需要花費很多努力，但絕不要放棄。從絕望中尋找希望，人生終將輝煌！
英語閱讀理解題出錯原因_課外閱讀
【摘要】“英語閱讀理解題出錯原因”文中是編者爲大家整理的有關英語閱讀文章，希望對大家有所幫助：
閱讀理解題答案與干擾項關係的分析
正確的選項往往是命題人員把閱讀材料的內容或信息用不同的語言形式再現出來。一般而言，答案項的設置有以下幾種方法：(1) 選用原文中的詞句;(2) 使用原文詞句的同義詞或相似結構;(3) 使用原文詞句的反義詞或相反結構;(4) 答案項是對生詞、長句或難旬的解釋;(5) 答案項是對原文詞句或段落的歸納、
推理或演繹;(6) 使用原文的上下義結構，如用“科學”涵蓋“計算機、航天、發明、電子”等概念。
干擾項的設置通常有以下幾種方式：
1. 張冠李戴
命題者把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題幹問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現的卻是他人的觀點;或者題幹問的是他人的觀點，卻把作者的觀點放到選項中去。
以2006年全國卷I第60題“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”爲例。此題乍看C項“to pay at the cash register”和D項“to have more gas for his car”都對，因爲原文中有這麼一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。很明顯作者是停下來付款加油時，偶遇一對老夫婦並問好，似乎選項C和D本身都沒錯，但題幹問的是“作者計劃在俄克拉荷馬市逗留的原因”，如果考生沒有理解題幹，就會誤選C項或D項。正確選項應爲A項“to visit a friend”。
2. 偷樑換柱
干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的詞彙，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞彙，造成句意的改變。
以2006年全國卷I第57題“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______. ”爲例。此題乍看應選B項“like staying in bed all day”，因爲原文中有這麼一句“especially they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside”. 殊不知選項中加了“all day”，使意思絕對化了。正確選項應爲D項“need some exercise outdoors”。考生若注意不到此細節的變化，勢必造成失分。
3. 無中生有
干擾項往往是生活的基本常識和普遍接受的觀點，但在原文中並無相關的信息支持點，這種選項的設置往往與問題的設問毫不相干。
以2006年全國卷Ⅰ第67題“We may infer from the last two paragraphs that______. ”爲例。干擾項C項“English courses are necessary for foreign students”就是這種情況，而正確答案應爲A項“different teaching methods should be used”。解答這類考題時考生還應注意問題中有無“In the author’s opinion”或“According to the passage”之類的限定語。
4. 以偏概全
考生在做猜測文章中心思想、給文章添加標題或判斷推理題時，往往會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思維定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現爲合理關聯與不合理關聯、準確概括與不準確概括之間的錯位。
不合理關聯就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結論;深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實進行邏輯推理、總結或概括後得出的結論。
例如，2006年北京卷第73題“What did Loftus find out from her research?”的正確答案爲B項“People Can be led to believe in something false.”。而誤選C項“People tend to forget their childhood experiences. ”的考生顯然是根據文中“it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences… The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions”的信息得出的，但它只不過是表層信息，其對原文信息的轉述並不全面。
不準確概括是指不能準確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。
例如，2006年全國卷I第69題“What is the text mainly about______.”的正確答案爲D項“Life after retirement”。干擾項A項“Learning to paint in later life”與C項“An artist turned teacher”極具迷惑性，但它們只是文章中的某個細節信息。考生如果不清楚細節信息與短文主題之間的關係，就容易犯概括不準確的錯誤。
以上是小編爲大家整理的“英語閱讀理解題出錯原因”全部內容，更多相關內容請點擊：
> >
高考英語閱讀理解 細節理解題解題技巧
一、題型介紹：
過去在閱讀理解題中佔很大比例。細節題要求考生具備快速尋找信息的，採用針對性進行閱讀。多數情況下，作者不會明確地呈現一個事實，讀者需根據已有的信息進行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的`時間順序、故事發生的地點、情節的發展、和人物之間的關係。
考查文章細節理解的測
① This article is particularly written for ___.?
② When the writer says … he really means ___.?
③ The author's attitude to… is that ___.?
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
⑤ The writer regards… as ___.?
⑥ The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.
二、細節題具體方法與步驟：
①排除干擾項 ，突出主題。事實細節題的設計干擾項一般都是某一細節的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。作爲命題內容的細節一般總是短文的要點活主要論據。因此正確的選項往往與短文的主題密切相關。
② 按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關的信息詞，如for example，first，second…等預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
③ 將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細節上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節出處，待找到含細節句子時，放慢速度，仔細覈對比較內容，直至找到答案。
④注意識別指代詞語。爲避免重複，文章中對多次提及的事物或現象會使用不同的詞語，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。
三、考題探究
Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好鬥的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.
Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.
Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗條的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.
1 Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?
A. They are big in size.
B. They live a very long life.
C. They can run races for some time.
D. They are quiet and easy to look after.
2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .
A. to keep it slim
B. to keep it warm
C. to take special care of its legs
D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
學海導航
1 D 從題目可以看出該題目是考查對文章細節理解的題目。結合語境，注意上下文的關係，注意查找關鍵信息。由文章的第二段的內容來看，文章用了三個具有否定意義的排比句They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的習性和特點，尤其是在點明瞭they make great pets之後，又對其原因進行了分析，此時我們就可以根據文章的講解來推斷題目。故該題目的關鍵是對文章第二段的內容進行分析，歸納，然後得出結論。
2 B 由題目可知該題應該是個對文章細節的推斷題。由該題考查的內容，我們可以講注意力放在文章的最後一段。最後一段中提到灰狗沒有其他類型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C項錯誤。文章特別提到they do feel the cold.，說明他們怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B項是正確答案。
四、實例演練
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（劍）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as thetop dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
1、 Bossy children like Stephen Jackson.
A. make good decisions
B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others
D. have little sense of fear
【點津】 B 該題目主要是對文章的細節的考查，我們在讀完題目後，我們可以將注意力放在第一段中的I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”在認真分析後我們可知Stephen 不知道對別人關心、照顧，而是以自我爲中心。故B 項是正確答案。
五、經驗總結:
通過對上面內容的講解和自己練習我們可以做出一下的總結:
1 定位能力很重要，要通過不斷的做練習來進行有意識的培養。
2 細節理解題通常是定位部分的變體或者是重複，即意思相同但表達的方式會有所變化。
3 切忌通過自己對某類的主觀瞭解做出憑空的判斷，每一道題目的選擇都離不開對原文的理解和把握，答題時要力求緊扣文章中心來尋找解題的線索。
賓語從句要點及考點分析歸納
賓語從句的功能相當於名詞詞組，在句子中充當賓語。該從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，並且每年的命題各有變化。本文欲就歷屆高考試題涉及到該從句考查的焦點在此作以歸納，以期有助於同學們複習、備考。
一、考查賓語從句的語序問題。語序應用陳述語序，且引導詞一定要在從句的最前面。
【考例】
①As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ______ and see him.（05北京）
A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you come
②When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海）
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
【簡析】①A。when引導賓語從句時，用陳述語序，且主句謂語動詞是一般將來時，所以從句該用什麼時態就用什麼時態，由語境可知，應是將來時。同時注意when引導時間狀語時常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。②B。which引導的句子做know的賓語，句子用陳述語序，引導詞位於從句句首。
二、考查賓語從句的連接詞問題。
（1）引導賓語從句的有從屬連詞that, whether 和if；連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。選用何種連接詞主要根據①所選詞在從句中所作成分；②從句意判斷句中缺少的意項。
【考例】
①She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_____it takes to save her life.（09湖南）
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
②As a new diplomat, he often thinks of_____he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海）
A. what B. which C. that D. how
③ I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. （10湖北）
A. who B. where C. what D. how
④ We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全國Ⅰ）
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【簡析】①C。whichever“無論哪一個”； however“無論如何”； whoever“無論誰”； whatever“無論什麼”。由分析可知，該引導詞引導的是賓語從句，且從句中take缺少賓語，由句意“她對我們來說是非常寶貴，我們已經準備好做一切來拯救她的生命。”可知，應用whatever。②D。句意爲“作爲一種新的外交官,他經常考慮他怎麼能在那樣的場合反應更恰當。”很顯然，該賓語從句缺少一個表示“方式”的詞，故用how。③C。句意爲“我想別人喜歡我是因爲我的內在。”也就是我inside的品質。只有what可以指代是什麼。很多同學誤選A，錯誤的用中文語言習慣去做英文題。④D。由句意爲“我們還沒有討論把我們的新傢俱放在哪裏。”可知，動詞discuss後的賓語從句缺少地點狀語，故用where。
（2）賓語從句中注意下列幾組相似意思的區別。
考查引導詞whether與if的區別。兩者都表示“是否”，都可引導賓語從句；但如果賓語從句是否定句一般用if；下列情況用whether①作介詞賓語；②後緊跟or not; ③作discuss等詞的賓語。
【考例】
①At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better.（09北京）
A. when B. h ow C. why D. if
②We haven't settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江蘇)
A. if B. whereC. whether D. that
【簡析】①D。句意爲“最初他不喜歡這件新工作，但是他決定給自己幾個月的時間來看一下這件工作是否會變得更好。”所以用if表“是否”，引導賓語從句。②C。句意爲“我們還沒有解決他是否有必要出國留學這個問題。”此處是賓語從句，表“是否”，含有不確定，且作介詞的賓語，故用whether。
考查引導詞wh-與wh-ever的區別。“wh-ever”引導賓語從句時，其含有“無論……”之意，其引導賓語從句無疑問意義，相當於名詞或代詞加一個定語從句，而wh-多有疑問之意。
【考例】
① Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）
A. whoB. what C. whoever D. whatever
②? Could you do me a favour?
? It depends on ______ it is. （06北京）
A. which B. whicheverC. what D. whatever
【簡析】①C 。whoever引導的賓語從句作了to的賓語，同時whoever作is in charge of International Sales please的主語。whoever意爲“任何人或無論誰”，相當於any person who或the person who。②C。what引導賓語從句，並在從句中充當表語，意爲“什麼”，含有具體之事的意思。句意爲“那取決於是什麼”。
考查引導詞no matter+疑問詞與疑問詞+ever的區別。“no matter+疑問詞”只能引導狀語從句；而“疑問詞+ever”既可引導狀語從句，也可引導賓語從句。
【考例】
①The book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job.（09陝西）
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
②Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (95上海)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
【簡析】①D。此處從句作介詞to的賓語。引導詞做從句的主語，指人，意思是：無論是誰,no matter+疑問詞不能引導賓語從句。②C。此處從句作介詞of的賓語。no matter+疑問詞不能引導賓語從句，又因連接詞在從句作主語，所以用whoever,其相當於anyone who。
IV.考查what與how引導的感嘆句充當賓語的區別。此時意爲“多麼”，what修飾“形容詞+名詞或a(an)+形容詞+名詞”，而how修飾“形容詞或副詞、many，little（少），much, few等+名詞或形容詞+a(an)+名詞（單數）”
【考例】
①I was surprised by her words , which made me recognize____silly mistakes I had made.（05湖南）
A. what B. that C. how D. which.
②Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.(04廣東)
A. that B. how C. such D. so
【簡析】①A。句意爲“我對她的話很吃驚，它迫使我承認我犯了多麼愚蠢的錯誤。”賓語從句表感嘆，中心詞爲名詞，所以用what。②B。句意爲“使父母親明白教育對他們子女的未來來說是多麼地重要。”賓語從句表感嘆，中心詞爲形容詞，所以用how
考查引導詞what與that的區別。what作連接代詞並表示“所……的”之意，相當於the+名詞+that”或“all that”,可指代不確定的事物等，在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。that在從句中只起連接作用，不充當任何成分，翻譯中，不譯。
[典型考題]
①（10山東）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
②（10北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
【解析】①:B。句意應爲：在大甩賣開始前，我把孩子們在下個季節裏要用到的東西列了一個清單。分析句式結構可知，空格處在句中引導賓語從句且在從句中充當need的賓語。which 引導名詞性從句時多表示疑問且要有一個明確的範圍。②B。句意應爲：狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛科波菲爾的部分原因是小說創作非常貼近他本人的真實生活。表語從句不缺成分，因此用that來引導。
三、考查賓語從句的時態問題。
①當主句中的謂語動詞是現在或將來時態時，從句的謂語不受主句謂語時態的影響，可根據句子的實際情況使用不同的時態。②當主句中的謂語動詞是過去時，從句的時態也是表示過去的時態。既一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時。③當從句表示客觀事實或真理時，其時態不受主句謂語時態的影響，而用一般現在時。
【考例】
①I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. （09山東）Ks5u
A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened
②Shestaredatthepainting, wonderingwhereshe______it.（09重慶）
A. sawB. hasseen C. sees D. hadseen
【簡析】①B。本題考查具體語境中的時態，後一句隱藏的時間狀語是at the time；又因爲主句中的謂語動詞是現在時。故從句用一般過去時。②D。本題也是考查具體語境中的時態，因wondering是stared的伴隨狀語，故表示過去的動作，又因see發生在wondering之前，即過去的過去，因此用過去完成時。③D。
四、考查賓語從句的虛擬語氣問題。
（1）在表示堅持要求（insist），命令（order,demand），建議(suggest,,advise,propose),要求（ask,requre,demand,request）等動詞後的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”。（2）用it作形式賓語，賓補是：necessary,important,strange,desirable,advisable,requested,vital,urgent,possible等時，後置的賓語從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”。（3） wish 引導的賓語從句表虛擬語氣時，如果從句表示動作發生在過去，用過去完成時；指現在狀態，則用過去時（be動詞只用were形式）；指將來，用過去將來時。(4)would rather引導的賓語從句表虛擬語氣時, 如果從句表示動作發生在過去，用過去完成時；指將來或現在動作，則用過去時（be動詞只用were形式）
【考例】
①____ be sent to work there? (02上海)
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should
②George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. （10江蘇）
A. focus B. focused C. wouldfocus D. had focused
③?Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
?I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. （05江蘇）
A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; 高二 what D. should not send; what
【簡析】①A。特殊疑問句的疑問詞應置於句首，又suggest(建議)後的賓語從句應用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），且should可省略。②A。would rather後應用虛擬語氣，表示與現在時間相反，用動詞的過去式。③B。it作形式賓語，that引導的從句作真正的賓語，necessary作賓語補足語時，從句的謂語動詞要用“（should）+動詞原形”，又因此從句主語與動詞send是被動關係，故用(should) not be sent；第二空的引導詞引導的是表語從句，從句有用省略結構，其完整結構是“he has refused to be sent to New York”,由完整結構可知，該從句不缺成分，故用that。
五、考查名詞性從句it作形式賓語問題。
①賓語從句+賓語補足語的結構爲了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式賓語,把真正的賓語從句置於句末，常見的it作形式賓語的謂語動詞有believe,find,make,guess,suppose等。②某些及物動詞或短語不能直接加賓語從句，此時用it作形式賓語，然後再接賓語從句，此種用法常見於like,dislike,hate,appreciate等。
【考例】
①He didn’t make _____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. （07天津）
A. this B. that C. it D. these
②I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06山東)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【簡析】①C。此題考查的是謂語動詞後加賓語的複合結構，clear是賓補，when and where the meeting would be held.是真正的賓語，並置於賓補之後，故用it作形式賓語。②B。if you would like to teach me how to use the computer是賓語從句，作appreciate的賓語，該種情況常用it作形式賓語。
六、考查賓語從句的否定轉移和該情況下的反意疑問句問題。
主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,consider,expect,guess ,be sure等，且主句的主語是第一人稱併爲一般現在時，從句的否定一般要轉移到主句上來，其反意疑問句一般與賓語從句的主語保持一致。
【考例】
①I don't suppose anyone will volunteer _____?(01上海)
A. do I B. don't I C. will theyD. won't they
②I' m sure you' d rather she went to school by bus, _____?(06福建)
A. hadn't you B. wouldn't you C. aren't I D. didn't she
【簡析】①C。由主句謂語動詞是suppose，主句主語是第一人稱併爲一般現在時可知，反意疑問句應對賓語從句反問，再者don't實際上是對賓語從句的否定，故反問應用肯定，即will they。②B。反意疑問句應對I' m sure後的賓語從句的反問，又you' d等於you would，故用wouldn't you。
七、考查that引導賓語從句時的是否省略問題。
一般來講，賓語從句中的that可以省略，但下列情況一般不省略：①當一個句子有兩個或多個並列的賓語從句時，引導第二個和以後幾個從句的that不可省；②由it作形式賓語；③當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；④當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或從句時；⑤當主句的謂語動詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時；⑥當某些介詞後接that引導的賓語從句時，常見的有in that(由於)，except that(除了)等。
【考例】
①Having checked the doors were closed , and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（07湖南）
A. why B. that C. when D. where
②Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.(08江西)
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
③I know nothing about the young lady_____she is from Beijing.（00上海）
pt pt pt that des
【簡析】①B。由and可知，the doors were closed和all the lights were off是並列作check的賓語，且從句意思完整。當一個句子有兩個或多個並列的賓語從句時，引導第二個和以後幾個從句的that不可省，故用that。②D。該句大意是“動物遭受人類的控制，因爲人類爲了得到更多的農產品供更多的人消費，破壞動物的生存環境以得到更多的土地。”in that 相當於because。③C。空後面是不缺成分的從句，且與nothing連用，故用except that該句意爲“關於這位年輕的女士，我只知道她來自上海。”
八、考查賓語從句存在插入語時的問題。
此時多考查的是連接詞的選用、位置和從句的謂語動詞的形式及從句語序。一般來說，連接詞應置於插入語之前；特殊疑問句形式是插入語用部分倒裝，從句用陳述語序；做選擇題時，把插入語去掉進行判斷。
【考例】
①Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? （05福建）
A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got
②The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (08北京)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
【簡析】①C。you expect是插入語，在特殊疑問句插入語部分倒裝，賓語從句用陳述語序。②C。create後是賓語從句，其中they hope是插入語，把該插入語去掉後，可以看出該從句缺少主語，根據題意應用what。