本篇中石油職稱英語閱讀文章是關於文化禁忌的，每個文化都有着相同或者不同的禁忌，當我們到達那個國家時，我們需要注意，不要冒犯了別人。下面是小編整理的關於文化禁忌的中石油職稱英語閱讀文章及習題，希望能幫到大家!
Cultural Taboos 文化禁忌
1. The speed and convenience of modern travel means that(引導賓語從句) destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. Therefore, it is important to adapt your behavior so that you don't insult or offend the local people. The following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier and your trip more enjoyable.
1、現代旅行的速度和便捷(convenience n. 便利)意味着過去需要花很長時間才能抵達的(that used to take a long time to travel to定語從句修飾destinations; used to do sth. 過去經常做某事; travel to 走訪)目的地現在可以又快又輕鬆地到達。儘管(even though)由於(thanks to)可以乘坐飛機旅行，“遙遠(faraway)”的國家似乎更近了，但是它們也許仍然與你自己的國家有所不同(be different from 與…不同)。因此(therefore)，改善你的行爲從而(so that 引導目的狀語從句)不冒犯或不得罪當地人非常重要(形式主語it，真正的主語是不定式短語to adapt your behavior; adapt vt. 使適應; insult vt. 侮辱;損害; offend vt. 冒犯)。以下幾條基本規則(fundamental rules)將會使交際變得更容易，使你的旅行更愉快。
2. First, never raise your voice in order to make yourself understood. If you do not know the word for something in the local language, or cannot make yourself understood verbally, try drawing a picture or pointing to an object. Remember, though, that(引導賓語從句) pointing directly at a person can be highly offensive in some cultures. If you have to point something out, do so by gesturing towards the object, with the palm of your hand flat, facing upward, and your fingers outstretched. Before you travel, try learning some basic words or phrases of the local language. Most useful are those that express gratitude and politeness such as words for please, thank you, and may I, as well as basic greetings.
2、首先，千萬不要爲了讓別人聽懂你的話語而提髙嗓門高聲大叫(in order to do sth. 爲了做某事;make + 不帶to的不定式作賓語)。如果你不知道用當地語言中的某個詞表達你的意思，或者不能用言語(verbally adv. 口頭地，用言辭地)讓別人明白你的意思，試着(try doing sth. 嘗試着做某事)畫張圖，或者指向某個物體(point to 指向;指着)。然而，務必記住，在某些文化中，直接指向某個人(pointing directly at a person現在分詞短語做主語)可能是十分無禮的(offensive adj. 攻擊的';無禮的;令人不快的)。如果你得指出某個東西(point out 指出，指明)，打手勢指向那個物體，手掌攤平，掌面朝上，手指儘可能伸展(do so 如此做;gesture vi. 做手勢;palm n. 手掌;flat vi. 變平; outstretch vi. 伸出;擴大; -ed adj. 伸開的;擴張的)。旅行之前，設法學會一些本地語言的基本詞彙或短語(即詞語)。最實用的是那些表達感激之情和客氣禮貌的詞語(those指“詞語”)，比如“請”，“謝謝你”，“我可不可以”，以及基本的問候用語(greetings)。
3. Second, consider the main religion of the country you plan to visit and read about any taboos related to clothing, especially if you plan to visit places that are considered sacred. As a precaution, bring conservative clothes, such as shirts or T-shirts that cover your shoulders, and long trousers. Avoid topics of conversation that you think may be sensitive. If a topic is sensitive in your own culture, it will more than likely be the same in other cultures. Feel free to show interest in the history and customs of the place you are visiting, but don't ask too many questions about why things are done in a certain way; you may offend the local people. Keep in mind that in many cultures, displaying affection in public is considered taboo. Kissing on the street or in public places is unacceptable behavior and should be avoided. If you are unsure of how to behave, watch the local people and copy them—if they don't behave in a certain way, you probably shouldn't either.
3、其次，認真考慮(consider)你決定去旅遊的那個國家的主要宗教，並通過讀書瞭解關於穿着的禁忌，如果計劃去遊覽聖地，尤其要獲悉這方面的禁忌(在一句話中出現了兩個定語從句及一個過去分詞短語作定語;relate to 與…有關;be considered 被認爲是;sacred adj. 神聖的;莊嚴的)。攜帶諸如(such as)覆蓋肩膀的襯衫或短袖汗衫和長褲之類的保守衣服(conservative clothes)，以備不時之需(as a precaution 作爲預防措施)。迴避(avoid)你認爲可能敏感的(sensitive)話題。如果某個話題在你自己的文化裏是敏感的話題，那麼這個話題在其他文化裏也很可能同樣如此。毫無拘束地(feel free to 隨意)表現出你對旅遊目的地的歷史和風俗饒有興趣，但不要就約定俗成的事情提出太多疑問(in a certain way 按一定方式)，提問太多，也許會得罪當地人。牢牢記住(keep in mind)，根據很多國家的文化習俗，當衆(in public)表現愛慕親密之情(affection)被視爲禁忌。在街道上或在公共場所接吻是不可接受的(unacceptable adj.)行爲，應該加以避免。要是對行爲表現方式沒有把握，觀察當地人並模仿他們。如果他們沒有某種行爲方式，你也許也應該避免(either adv. 也; 用於否定句或否定詞組後)。
4. Finally, if you are travelling on business or plan to stay with a host family and you wish to take a gift, do some research. The idea of the perfect gift varies greatly from country to country, and one of the easiest ways to offend somebody is to give the wrong gift. In China, it is taboo to give clocks and fans. The Chinese word for "fan" has a similar sound to the word for "separation", while the meaning for "clock" is similar to that of "death". In Japan, gifts should never be given in sets of "four", as the sound of the word "four" in Japanese is similar to the sound of the word meaning "death."
4、最後，如果你正處於商務之行(on business 出差)，或者決定暫居於主人之家(stay with 同…住在一起)，想攜帶一件禮物，那麼就該調查研究一番。禮物是否完全合適，各國人們看法不一(vary-varies vi. 變化;直譯爲：對於完美禮物的理念不同國家變化很大)，送錯禮物是最容易冒犯人的(to give the wrong gift不定式短語做表語;直譯爲：冒犯人的最容易方法之一就是送錯禮物)。在中國，贈送時鐘或扇子是忌諱之事。漢語單詞“扇”與“散(separation n.分離)”諧音(similar to 與…相似)，“送鍾”與“送終”含義相似(改錯了，將sound改爲meaning)。在日本，贈送禮物永遠不應該四件成套(in sets of一套)，因爲(as)日文的“四”和“死”是諧音。
5. The opening of gifts is also treated very differently around the world. In many Western countries, do not be surprised if your hosts immediately tear the wrapping paper from a gift in great excitement. They will then tell you how wonderful the gift is, even if they do not like it! In most Asian countries, it is considered impolite to open gifts in front of the gift-giver for fear of offending the person.
5、世界各地的人們打開禮物的方式也大不相同(被動語態;treat vt. 對待)。在很多西方國家，如果主人非常興奮地(in great excitement;excitement n. 興奮)立即撕開禮物的包裝紙，不要感到驚訝。他們會告訴你禮物多麼令人驚喜(how wonderful the gift is)，即便(even if)不喜歡，他們也會讚不絕口!在很多亞洲國家，當着禮物贈送者的面打開禮物被認爲是失禮的舉動，因爲人們擔心當面打開禮物會讓客人難堪(in front of 的…的面前;for fear of 由於害怕)。