英語語法練習名詞的數

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英語語法練習名詞的數

名詞分爲專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類,英語語法練習 名詞的數。普通名詞又分爲個體名詞和集體名詞。在句子中可數名詞要麼前邊加冠詞,要麼用其複數形式。名詞的複數通常加s,但以s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞es;以"輔音字母+y"結尾的詞把"y"變成"i",再加es。不規則名詞的複數有其特殊形式。物質名詞和抽象名詞爲不可數名詞。名詞有主格(作主語)、賓格(作賓語)和屬格(表示所屬關係)。冠詞分爲不定冠詞和定冠詞,它們有其基本用法和特殊用法。數詞分爲基數詞、序數詞和分數詞,數詞與名詞在實際運用中要呼應。

第一節 名 詞 的 數

一、可數名詞

1. 可數名詞有單複數之分。在句中,名詞的單數形式前邊要有冠詞或表示單數的限定詞,否則就要用其複數形式。名詞的複數形式通常是在單數形式後加詞尾s、es,或將y改爲i再加es。但如果名詞前邊有表示單數的冠詞或表示單數的限定詞,就不能用其複數形式

2. 有少數名詞的複數形式是不規則的,child→children, man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice, ox→oxen

3. 英語裏還有些名詞的單複數變化較爲特殊,需特別注意

analysis→analyses, bacterium→bacteria, basis→bases, crisis→crises, criterion→criteria, datum→data, formula→formulae(或formulas), fungus真菌→fungi, phenomenon→phenomena,syllabus講義等的)摘要, 提綱; 課程提綱, 教程提綱→syllabi, thesis→theses

4. 有些名詞的`單複數是一樣的:aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, deer, fish, Japanese, means, series, species等。

5. 如果前邊有表示複數的限定詞時名詞用其複數形式

6. 在形容詞最高級中,表示範圍的of後要用名詞複數形式

7. 有些集體名詞在形式上是單數如people(人民,人們),police(警察),cattle(牲畜),staff(全體人員,全體職員),但它們表達複數的含意。如果這些詞做主語,其謂語須用複數形式。

8. hair和fruit一般情況下用單數,表示總體。但如果我們要表示若干根頭髮或幾種水果時,就要用這兩個詞的複數形式

eg: He bought apples, oranges and other fruits. ("fruits"在此處意爲"多種水果")

另外還要注意:police和cattle的謂語形式總是用複數形式。

9. 名詞做定語時,不能用作複數

二、不可數名詞

1. 不可數名詞爲物質名詞和抽象名詞,如information, proverty, advice, anger, applause, baggage, cake, chalk, chocolate, cloth(布), bread, damage(損害), equipment, fruit, furniture, gold, information, ink, jewellery, luggage, mail(郵件), money, news, paper, protection, soap, sugar, weaponry, machinery, scenery, personnel, work等

注:不可數名詞可以與表示量的可數名詞連用,藉以表示"可數"的概念,我們可以加 a(n) piece [sheet(張), suit(套), tube(管), packet(包), item(條,則), bar(條), basket(籃子), glass(杯),bunch(束), pair(雙,對), bowl(碗), portion(份), herd(羣), series(系列), shower(陣) etc. ],如:a piece of advice(一條建議) /a basket of fruit(一籃水果) /an item of information (一則信息)/a kind of protection(一種保護)等,英語語法《英語語法練習 名詞的數》。

2. 有些抽象名詞的意思可以轉變成爲具體名詞,這時要用其複數形式

The insurance company paid $10000 in damages for the accident. ("damage"本來爲不可數名詞"損害",變複數後意思是"損失賠償費"。)

單複數含義不同的名詞還有:communication(通訊)--communications(通訊系統,通訊工具);cloth(布)--clothes(衣服);content(內容)--contents(目錄);convenience(便利)--conveniences(便利設備);humanity(人類)--humanities(人文科學);necessity(需要)--necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)--pains(辛勞);ruin(毀滅)--ruins(廢墟,遺蹟);sand(沙子)--sands(沙地,沙灘);wood(木材)--woods(樹林);work(工作)--works(工廠,著作)。

另外,有些名詞通常只用複數形式,如:fundamentals(基本原則),goods(貨物), means(方法), rapids(急流),shorts(短褲), sweets(歡樂), valuables (貴重物品)。

三、同步練習(Correct errors, if any,in the following sentences:)

1. The scholars met once a year to exchange esperiences.

2. Foreign ship are not allowed to fish in our territoral water.

3. I went to the doctor for an advice about my health.

letter contained important information.

the afternoon I did some baby-sittings,for it is a fun looking after children.

congregation宗教的集會[會衆]was not numerous that night,but they seemed to be listening attentively to my lecture.

tries are dear in the city.

board of director is shaking heads at the chairman's speech.

merchandises have arrived undamaged.

四、答案

1. The scholars met once a year to exchange esperience.

2. Foreign ship are not allowed to fish in our territoral waters.

3. I went to the doctor for an advice about my health.

letter contained an important piece of information.

the afternoon I did some baby-sittings,for it is fun looking after children.

congregation were not numerous that night,but they seemed to be listening attentively to my lecture.

try家禽(雞、火雞、鵝、鴨等); 雞類are dear in the city.

board of directors are shaking heads at the chairman's speech.

merchandise have arrived undamaged.