初中英語的基礎語法

學識都 人氣:2.11W

一、介詞

初中英語的基礎語法

(一)表示時間的介詞

(1)at

①接具體時間: six,at half past two,at ten to twelve

②表示“在…時刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight

(2)in

①表示“在(某段時間段)之間”;

January,in a month,in spring,in 2005

②在將來時中,表示“在某段時間之後”

ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.

(3)on

表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等,初中英語基礎語法6-介詞。

eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th

(二)固定搭配的介詞

(1)動詞+介詞:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On

(2)介詞十名詞:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,

in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure

(3)be+形容詞+介詞:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for

二、連詞(conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句)

(1)並列連詞(用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)

①表並列關係:not only……but also,neither……nor,and

②表選擇關係:or,either……or

③錶轉折關係:but,while

④表因果關係:for,so

(2)從屬連詞(用來引導從句)

①引導時間狀語從句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as

②引導原因狀語從句:because,as,since

③引導目的狀語從句:so that,in order that

④引導結果狀語從句:so that,so…that,such……that

⑤引導比較狀語從句:than,as…as

⑥引導賓語從句:that,if, whether

三、動詞(verb.)動詞表示主語的動作或狀態

(一)動詞的種類

(1)及物動詞vt,其後接賓語。

wears a uniform.

(2)不及物動詞vi,不接賓語。

eg :She can dance.

(3)連繫動詞like-v.接表語。

are nurses.

That sounds interesting.

His mother looks young.

If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.

(4)助動詞aux——V.接動詞原形或分詞(它無實在意思,只起語法作用)。

eg, DO you like pandas?

He has gone to Australia.

She is looking at the cat.

(5)情態動詞mod-v.接動詞原形(它不能單獨作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數的變化)。

Eg. He must go now.

You should clean the classroom after class.

(6)有些動詞既可作及物動詞,也可作助動詞或不及物動詞,be也可作助動詞。

eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)

Do as you like.(Vi.)

She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)

She is swimming now.(aux-v.)

(二)情態動詞的用法

[1]can,could,may的.用法

l .can/could

(1)表示具有某種能力,意爲“能、能夠、會”(could表過去),英語語法《初中英語基礎語法6-介詞》。

eg.I can sing English songs.

Lisa can’t speak Japanese.

She could swim when she was four years old.

(2)表示許:可、允許,意爲“可以”。

we watch TV now?

You can’t play computer games in the morning.

(3)表示請求某人做某事,意爲“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。

/Could you help me,please?

(4)表示推測“可能”,多用於否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測可用must,might,could等)

can’t be true.這不可能是真的。

Where can he have gone?他可能會去哪兒呢?

2.may/might

(1)表示許可、允許,意爲“可以”,比can更正式。

eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?

May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個問題嗎?

(2)表示推測“可能”,用於肯定句和否定句,不能用於疑問句。

may be at home now.他可能現在在家。

She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。

[2]can與be able to的區別

1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。

eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.

只有現在時(Can)和過去時(could),而be able to可用於多種時態。

eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.

He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.

可以表示推測,但be able to不能。

Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.

與be able to;不能重複使用

eg.他能做好這件事。

He can be able to do is well.(X)

He can do it well.(√)

He is able to do it well.(√)

(三)must與have to的區別

1.主客觀方面不同。

must表“義務”或“強制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測,語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。

must clean the room.(表示我們認爲房間太髒了。)

We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)

He must beat home before supper.(他晚飯前一定在家。)

2.人稱和時態不同。

must無人稱和時態的變化,一律用must十動詞原形。have to後接動詞原形,有人稱、數和時態的變化,一般現在時的第三人稱單數要用has to,過去時中要用had to,將來時中要用will have to.另外,have to還可與,情態動詞和助動詞連用。

eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.

The train has ’ll have to wait for the next train.

3.否定式及意義不同。

must not=mustn’t“決不可/千萬不可/務必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”

mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。

We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。

在對May I…? 作否定回答時用No, you mustn’t/can’t.

eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t

4.疑問式及回答不同。

Must+主語+動詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./NO,主語+needn’t.

助動詞+主語+have to+動詞原形+…?

Yes,主語+助動詞。/No,主語+助動詞+not.

l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t

Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.