ACT閱讀考試常見三大閱讀題型解析

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ACT閱讀考試常見三大閱讀題型解析

 1、直接事實題

此類題目一般是就文中所提供的信息進行直接提問,需要考生找到正確的對應處,並作同義轉換。

原文: “The revisionist interpretation, which I support, does not enshrine dinosaurs as paragons of intellect, but it does maintain that they were not small brained after all. They had the “right-sized” brains for reptiles of their body size.”

譯文:我所支持的修正主義者的解釋,就是不把恐龍視爲智力的模範,但是也主張他們畢竟不是小腦。對他們這種身形的爬行動物來說,他們的腦的大小正好合適。

題目:According to the passage, what is the revisionist interpretation concerning the relationship between intelligence and physical size?

A. Dinosaurs actually had relatively large brains.

B. Dinosaurs were paragons of intellect.

C. Dinosaurs were relatively small brained.

D. Dinosaurs’ brains were appropriately sized.

答案:D

分析:直接事實題根據文章內容,做直接的同義轉換,此處將right-sized改寫爲appropriately sized,屬於正確改寫。而A選項將其改寫爲relatively large,不正確。

注意:直接事實題常見錯誤選項的特點爲故意丟失not,如B選項中的paragons of intellect與文章相同,但是丟失了not,因此具有一定迷惑性。同樣,C選項中的small brained也與文章完全相同,但也故意丟失了not。

 2、舉例作用題

此類題目就文中的例子進行提問,需要考生回答此例子在文中所起的作用。

原文: “Government is so technical that even career civil servants cannot explain what is happening. In 1978 I attended a seminar on federal estate and gift tax, where the Internal Revenue Service lawyers responsible for this area frankly confessed that they did not understand the Tax Reform Act of 1976.”

譯文:政府是如此的有技術含量以至於甚至連公務員都不能解釋正在發生着什麼。1978年,我出席了一個聯邦資產稅收的研討會,在這裏負責的美國國內稅局的律師坦白地承認到,他們不明白1976年的稅收改革法案。

題目:The author uses the description of the tax seminar in 1978 to make the point that some governmental issues are:

A. so technical that not even career civil servants can understand them.

B. so technical that only career civil servants can understand them.

C. more technical than they used to be before the passage of the Tax Reform Act.

D. too technical for anyone other than an Internal Revenue Service tax lawyer to understand.

答案:A

分析:作者在文中描述一個例子的作用就是爲了證明一個結論,所以,舉例作用題的答案爲例子之前或之後的結論句。一般,由for example開頭的例子,結論句在之前。如果例子結束後出現therefore,則therefore之後爲結論句。本題結論句在例子之前,即Government is so technical that even career civil servants cannot explain what is happening. 通過同義改寫,得到A選項。B選項錯誤原因依然是故意丟失not。

注意:舉例作用題常見錯誤選項爲選項中重現例證中原文,比如此題的C, D選項中出現的Tax Reform Act和Internal Revenue Service。

3、推論題

此類題目與直接事實題不同,不是就文中的信息進行直接的提問,而是考查作者所寫的某處內容實際暗示了什麼。

原文:“The remarkable thing about dinosaurs is not that they became extinct, but that they dominated the earth for so long…”

“People, on this criterion, are scarcely worth mentioning—5 million years perhaps since Australopithecus, a mere 50, 000 for our own species, Homo sapiens…”

譯文:恐龍最著名的一件事情不是他們滅絕了,而是他們佔據了地球如此之長的時間。

人類,在這種標準下,根本不值得一提——大概5百萬年前的南方古猿,僅僅5萬年前的我們自己的物種,智人。

題目:In the context of the passage, what does the author mean when he states that “people … are scarcely worth mentioning” (lines 81-82)?

A. Compared to the complex social behavior of dinosaurs, human behavior seems simple.

B. Compared to the longevity of dinosaurs, humans have been on earth a very short time.

C. Compared to the size of dinosaurs, human seem incredibly small.

D. Compared to the amount of study done on dinosaurs, study of human behavior is severely lacking

答案:B

分析:解答推論題時方法如下:

1)如果定位句位於段首,或定位句後有冒號,破折號時,往後找答案。

2)如果定位句中有this等代詞時,則往前找答案。

3)如果定位句既位於段首,句中又有代詞,則同時讀句前和句後,並作比較,得出答案。

此題屬於第三種情況,讀上文,知“恐龍佔據地球的時間如此之長”;讀下文,得“人類,在這種標準下,不值得一提”。兩者相比,人類在地球上的生存時間比恐龍短,所以正確答案選B。

注意:靈活應用“豎讀選項法”,此題中選項開頭相同,可通過豎讀選項,快速得到各選項的關鍵詞,以方便解題。