挖方和填方的最小運輸問題
摘要
挖方和填方的最小運輸問題求解其實是1個土方平衡調配問題。土方平衡調配是土方規劃設計的1項重要內容。它主要是對土方工程中挖方的土需運至何處（利用或堆棄），填方所需的土應取自何方，進行綜合協調處理。其目的是在使土方運輸量或土方運輸成本最低的條件下，確定挖、填方區土方的調配方向和數量，從而縮短工期，提高經濟效益。
以數學模型爲基礎的豎向設計中土方調運,論述的`是在土方調運過程中運用表上作業法的常用3個方法：西北角法、最小元素法和沃格爾法(VOGEL),以及用位勢法判斷基可行解是否最優，如不是對其再進行優化的詳細過程,並對其做了簡單的實例對比計算，然後再結合實際情況，考慮土方的鬆散狀況，通過引進漲方係數，最後提出在實際工程應力計算中選擇既計算簡單又省時省力的的最小元素法和位勢法的結合應用。
關鍵詞：豎向設計；土方調運；最優方案；VOGEL法
Abstract
Solving the smallest transportation question of excavation and fill actually is a question of earthwork balance adjustment. The earthwork balance adjustment is an important part of earthwork planning and design, which mainly comprehensively handle where the soil of excavation shall transport to and where the soil needed by fill shall take from. Its purpose is to determine the adjustment way and quantity of the earthwork of excavation and fill to ensure the minimum earthwork transportation quantity and cost, and then shorten the work period and improve economic efficiency.
The earthwork transportation in the vertical design on the basis of mathematical model explains three normal methods in the process of earthwork transportation: Northwest corner method, smallest element method and VOGEL method. It also elaborates if judgment by geopotential method is the best, if not, then optimizes it. After comparing with actual example, considering the loose condition of earthwork and introducing the ratio zh, it is suggested to combine smallest element method and geopotential method which is simple and can save time and labor, into calculation of actual project.
Key words: Vertical design; earthwork transportation; optimal plan; VOGEL method