On Characteristics of News English Lead and Its Translation
Abstract
News lead refers to the beginning paragraph of a news report, delivering the essential information of the reported event and telling the receptors what to expect. This thesis begins with a detailed stylistic analysis of it on lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels. As a practical style, news report is not a natural phenomenon but a social product, which emphasizes social benefit—the reader’s effect. Eugene A. Nida’s famous “Functional Equivalence” theory, which shifts its focal point from the text to the reader and emphasizes the text-reader relationship, is much suitable for the translation of News English lead. This thesis tries to establish proper translation criteria of news English leads in the light of “F-E” theory: first, faithfulness and completeness; second, complete intelligibility on the part of the readership; third, harmony with the style of Chinese news leads. Furthermore, as content-packed simple sentence is required in news lead, the translation is in fact how to deal with long sentence. However, specific methods concerned vary with the different types of news English leads. The frequently used method is the division of the sentence and then reconstructing the lead by following three methods: to translate with the original order; to translate with an order opposite to the original; to translate with completely different order which has no relation to the original order. The previous study on translation of News English lead emphasizes on the techniques, but the translation theories concerned are seldom mentioned. This thesis aims to make a combination of “F-E” theory with practice for developing the effective ways of translation of news English leads and try to accurately transfer the message and keep the style of the original.
Key Words: news English lead; concision; exactness; functional equivalence
摘 要
本文從詞語，語法，句式3個層面分析了新聞英語導語的文體特點，旨在歸納探索出新聞英語導語翻譯的標準與方法。首先簡要介紹了新聞英語導語的結構，類型及其重要性。新聞導語是以簡練而生動的文字表述新聞事件中的最重要內容，並且能吸引讀者往下讀的'開頭部分。因此，新聞導語簡明扼要，內容充實，引人入勝。其次，以尤金•奈達著名的“功能對等”翻譯理論爲指導，探索總結出新聞英語導語的翻譯標準與方法。就新聞導語翻譯而言，表達的首要標準是準確完整，其次是達意，最後1條則是應該符合漢語新聞的風格，因爲讀者畢竟大多是中國人。翻譯理論家奈達強調語義和風格兩方面爭取“最貼近”和“最自然”的對等原則，因此,在翻譯過程中，譯者不可能只採用1種翻譯方法。翻譯新聞導語的具體方法有很多，最常用的方法是拆句法——即先按意羣將較長的整句拆分成兩個或兩個以上的短句以符合漢語的習慣,然後根據導語的不同形式,選用順譯法、逆譯法、拆譯法重組句子。對於新聞英語漢譯的研究，前人較多注重技巧方面而較少提及與之相關的翻譯理論，本文試圖將奈達的“功能對等”翻譯理論與新聞英語導語翻譯實踐相結合，以探討新聞英語導語翻譯的有效途徑。要達到準確傳達原文資訊功能的效果，譯者應儘量做到既能從英漢差異出發，處理好英漢句子在結構形式上的問題，又不忽略原文的文體特徵。
關鍵詞：新聞英語導語、簡明扼要、準確、功能對等
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