語法
語法包含的內容很多,比較繁雜,每次考試中基本上是一個小題一個語法點,但都是最基本的語法。這也就要求考生比較全面地掌握基本語法。根據歷年的考題,常考的語法大體上包括時態、語態、語氣、非謂語動詞、倒裝句、反義疑問句、從句、形容詞和副詞的比較、主謂一致性、一些固定句型等。下面作簡單的講解。
l.時態
時態在英語語言學習中是最基本的,也是最困惑的難點之一。可以說不學會時態就無法與人交流。有關時態的出題方式,通常要求考生根據已給的`題幹中的主句或從句中的時態或表示時間的狀語部分,判斷四個選項中的正確一項。下面的表格(表l~表5)可以幫助考生對比各時態的差別,從而輕鬆理解、記憶並使用。
表l一般時
過去時 | worked | He worked 12 hours yesterday. 他昨天工作了12個小時。 |
現在時 | work | He works for his father. 他爲他父親幹活。 |
將來時 | will/shall work | He will work in a factory as an engineer. 他將在工廠裏當工程師。 |
表2進行時
過去進行時 | was/were working | He was working on his paper when I called him. 我給他打電話時他正在寫論文。 |
現在進行時 | is/are/am working | He is working now. 他正在幹活。 |
將來進行時 | will/shall be working | He will be working on his finals this time tomorrow. 明天的這個時候他會在複習期末考試。 |
表3完成時
過去完成時 | had worked | He had worked ten hours when you came in. 你進來時他已經幹了l0個小時了。 |
現在完成時 | have/has worked | He has never worked so late this week. 這個星期他還從未工作到如此晚。 |
將來完成時 | will/shall have worked | He will have finished his work by then. 到那時他已經完成他的工作了。 |
表4完成進行時
過去 完成進行時 | had been working | He had not been working when I came in. 我進來時他並沒有在幹活。 |
現在 完成進行時 | have/has been working | He has been working on his paper all week. 他的論文寫了一個星期了。 |
將來 完成進行時 | will/shall have been working | He will have been working for the boss for ten days tomorrow. 到明天他就應該已經給這個老闆幹了l0天活了。 |
表5過去將來時
過去將來時 | would/should work | He said he would not work tomorrow. 他說他明天不上班。 |
過去將來 進行時 | would/should be working | I never thought that someday I would be working with him. 我從來沒想過某一天競跟他一起做事。 |
過去將來 完成時 | would/should have worked | He told me that he would have finished his work by the end of September. 他告訴我到九月底他會完成他的工作。 |