引導語：爲了幫助各位考生更好的備考，下面小編爲大家整理精選了職稱英語考試綜合類語法分析，希望能幫助到大家，謝謝您的閱讀。
一、非謂語動詞的句法功能：
一個典型的句子共有以下五個基本成分：
主語 謂語 賓語 定語 狀語
這裏要討論的是當英語中的一個動詞處在主語、賓語、定語和狀語位置時怎麼處理，即非謂語成分時怎麼處理。
1.主語：
首先，"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名詞性，"-ed "不具備名詞性。也就是說，"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主語，例如：
To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy thing to learn English.)
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.
問題是這兩種表達方式有沒有區別。語法上沒有對或錯的區別，因此不是語法考試的重點
一般講，"to do"較具體的行爲或狀態，"-ing"表示較籠統的概念，如"學習外語對我來說並非易事"一般用"to do"來表達：To learn a foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或：It is not an easy thing for me to learn a foreign language.)
從應試角度講，只要記住下面兩個特殊句型就可以了：
It is no use (或good) + ing結構，例如：
It is no use quarreling with her. (和她爭吵沒有用。考試時不要選to quarrel with her)
There is no + ing 結構，例如：
There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in the world today.(不可否認，在當今世界上，婦女正發揮越來越重要的作用。)
There is no joking about this matter. (這事開不得玩笑。)
2.賓語
如上所述，非謂語動詞"to do"或"-ing"當主語時，沒有特別的語法要求。但是，當賓語時，就有一個用"to do"還是"-ing"的問題。大家還記得這個規定嗎?如果忘了，請複習"第二講"中"五個基本句型"的"第三句型".這是考試的一個重點。在以往的職稱考試中，此項一般要佔2-3道題目。
關於非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的問題，請複習"第二講"中"五個基本句型"的"第五句型".
3.定語
也就是做名詞的修飾語。只要牢記本講"非謂語動詞的時態和語態意義"一節中的內容，就不難理解非謂語動詞做定語的問題。非謂語動詞做定語，本質上是"定語從句"，例如：
Where is the house built last year?
= Where is the house that(或which)was built last year (去年建造的那棟房子哪兒去了?)
Do you see the house being built there ?
= Do you see the house that (或which) is being built there?(看見那邊那棟正在建造的房子了嗎?)
The house to be built next month will be our dorm.
= The house that (或which) will be built (或that is to be built) next month will be our dorm.(下月要建造的那棟房子將是我們的宿舍。)
也就是說，只要把握好"時間狀語"和"語態(先行詞與動詞的關係)"，非謂語動詞做定語的考試選項比較容易，出題機率也比較低。
有人可能會問：
I have a letter to write 和I have a letter to be written兩個句子中的黑體部分都是做"letter"的定語，爲什麼一個用主動，另一個用被動語態。一般來說，當動詞(write)的行爲者就是句子的主語(I)時，用主動語態。因此，這兩個句子的內涵是有些區別的。但由於考試形式的侷限性，一般不會考這種區別的。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個重要問題用實例說明一下：
關於"不定式"作後置狀語的舉例(注意黑體字部分的表達形式)：
1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她氣得連話都說不出來了。)
2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我與她不太熟悉，不便請她幫忙。)
3) She was too angry to say anything.(她氣得什麼都說不出來了。)
4) I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3)的區別：only too與happy, pleased, glad 等詞使用時，表示"非常"：我非常願意幫助你(能幫助你真是太高興了)。
5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的結果：我們在雨中等了近3個小時，結果被告知約會取消了。)
6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地說，他最近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達方式還有：
to tell the truth(說實話), to be frank(老實說)，to go without saying (不用說 / 毫無疑問) 等。
關於分詞做後置狀語的舉例 (注意括號中句子的演變過程)：
1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟發來的一份電子郵件，(郵件上)說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)
2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些病人會發生嚴重感染，導致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)
3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在經理陪同下走進辦公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)
關於"動詞不定式"的補充說明：