初中英語詞彙複習

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一、容易混淆的動詞:

初中英語詞彙複習

[考試說明] 瞭解及物動詞和不及物動詞用法;掌握動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語以及疑問詞連用構成不定式短語的基本用法;理解動詞不定式作主語和定語的用法;初步掌握延續性動詞和瞬間動詞在用法上的區別等。

1. come & be here

[誤] He has come here for three hours.

[正] He came here three hours ago.

[正] He has been here for three hours.

come是瞬間動詞,不是延續性動詞,在肯定句中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。而要與表示一段時間的狀語連用,就要用延續動詞。

與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

2. cost & take & spend & pay

[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

cost除了錢的花費以外,還能表示時間上的花費,但常用物做主語。spend句子主語是人,可指花費時間和金錢,但後面的動詞要用-ing形式,後面也可跟名詞短語,介詞用on。pay句子主語是人,常與for連用,buy也常與for連用,但花費“錢”要放在介詞for後面,而pay則放在介詞for前面。

3. join & take part in

[誤] He joined the League for two years.

[正] He joined the League two years ago.

[正] He has been in the League for two years.

[正] He has been a League member for two years.

join指“參加”組織,成爲一個成員,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指參加活動特別是大的運動;如指“參加…多長時間”就要用延續動詞be in或be a …member,而不能用join。

4. borrow & lend & keep

[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.

[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

borrow和lend是短暫性動詞,在肯定句裏不和表示一段時間的狀語連用,keep延續動詞,可與表示一段時間的'狀語連用。

borrow意思是“借(進)”,後面跟介詞from,lend意思是“借(出)”,後面跟介詞to,lend也可用於某些成語中,如lend sb. a hand。

5. lie & lay & lain

[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

lie有兩個意思,一個是“說謊”,過去式和過去分詞是在詞尾加-d;另一個是“躺,臥;位於”,是不規則動詞,其過去式和過去分詞是lay、lain,現在分詞是lying。

lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其過去式和過去分詞是laid、laid。

6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

[誤] The table is made from wood.

[正] The table is made of wood.

be made in意思是“由……生產”,強調產地;be made of意思是“用……製成”,強調從成品上能看出原料,製成物沒改變原料的本質;be made from意思也是“用……製成”,強調從製成物上看不出原料,製成物已改變原料的本質;be made up of意思是“由……構成或組成”,指人或物都可,指結構成分。

7. stop to do & stop doing

[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”,帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,帶-ing形式的動名詞在句子中作賓語。

二、容易混淆的名詞:

[考試說明] 瞭解名詞在句中所充當的成分,理解並能區別所學的可數名詞和不可數名詞;熟練掌握所學可數名詞複數形式的構成,在口語和書面語的表達中正確運用;掌握物質名詞及其數量的表達方法;瞭解專有名詞的概念及一般用法;熟練掌握所學名詞所有格的用法;瞭解集合名詞和抽象名詞的概念及一般用法。

1. job & work

[誤] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

[正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、應做的具體的某種工作,實際含義是“職業”,而work通常指抽象意義上的工作,是不可數名詞,也可指“工作場所”。

2. by train & change trains

[誤] We came here by the train.

[正] We came here by train.

[正] We came here on/in the train.

[誤] We have to change the train at the next station.

[正] We have to change trains at the next station.

train意思是“火車”,表示“乘火車”,用by train或on/ the train,表示“換火車”,train必須用複數形式,且前面不加限定詞。

三、容易混淆的形容詞:

[考試說明] 熟練掌握形容詞作定語、表語及賓語補足語的用法;熟練掌握表示時間、地點、方式、程度、原因等疑問副詞的用法;熟練掌握形容詞、副詞比較等級的構成和good、well、many、much等不規則變化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不規則變化;能熟練運用下列句型表示兩者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比較;初步掌握用much、little等副詞在用法上的區別。

1. any & some

[誤] Have you got some money with you?

[正] Have you got any money with you?

[誤] Would you like any milk?

[正] Would you like some milk?

any和some意思是“一些”,用作定語,可修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。any多用於否定句和疑問句,some多用於肯定句。

但如果說話人表示“請求,提議”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意義時,some也可用在疑問句中;some還可用於單數名詞前,表示未知或說話人不想特別說明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某個”。

如果表示“任何,無論哪個”時,any可用在肯定句中。

2. either & each & both & neither & every

[誤] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

[誤] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

[誤] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

[誤] Every student has not finished their homework.

[正] No student has finished their homework.

either意思是“兩者之一的”,each意思是“任意一個的”,neither意思是“兩者都不的”,every強調整體,意思是“個個”。

3. few/little & a few /a little

[誤] Sorry, I have few money on me.

[正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

[誤] Her books are few.

[正] She has few books.

[誤] The work needs a few number of workers.

[正] The work needs a small number of workers.

[正] The work needs a few workers.

few後跟可數名詞複數,little後跟不可數名詞,都表示“幾乎沒有”的否定性意思;a few和a little區別也在於前者跟可數名詞,後者跟不可數名詞,都表示“有幾個”的肯定性意思。