GRE考試與物理相關的詞彙

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需要GRE考試的,大量練習詞彙是非常有必要的,下面是本站小編爲大家分享有關GRE考試與物理相關的詞彙,歡迎大家閱讀與學習!

GRE考試與物理相關的詞彙

Heat Conduction熱傳導

原文:When a substance is heated, heat is passed from its hotter part to its cooler part. This way of passing heat is called conduction. Metals conduct heat easily. They are good conductors. Non-metals, such as wood, glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily. They are bad conductors.

翻譯:物質受熱時,熱量從溫度高的地方向溫度低的地方傳遞。這種熱的.傳遞方式叫傳導。金屬容易導熱,是良好的導體。非金屬,如木頭、玻璃、塑料,不易導熱,不是良好的導體。

講解:上文中,substance是指物質,物質也可以用matter來表示。Conduct是傳遞、傳導的意思,做動詞時重音在後,讀作/ k?n?d?kt/,conduct的名詞形式是conduction,導體爲conductor。導熱,可以說heat conduction,也可以用passing heat來表達。

Travel of Sound聲音的傳播

原文:Sound is produced when things vibrate, like beating a drum or beating a d has to travel through solid, liquid or air to ears. When the sound is blocked by other things, it become less loud and clear. Sound travels better through liquid that through air. It travels best through solid.

翻譯:聲音是通過震動產生的,例如敲鼓或彈吉他。聲音通過固體、液體或空氣傳入耳朵。當聲音被其他物質阻擋時,聲音會變小、變得不清晰。聲音在液體中傳播比在氣體中傳播快,在固體中傳播最快。

講解:travel除了指旅行,也可以表示傳播,例如travel of sound聲音的傳播, travel of light光的傳播。第一句sound is produced when things vibrate是一個被動句,由be produced構成被動結構;這句話中,vibrate的意思是震動。這段中三個關鍵詞爲solid固體,liquid液體和air空氣。

Refraction of light光的折射

原文:Air, water and glass can let light pass through. They are called medium. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from water to air, its direction changes. This is called the refraction of light. The words under thick glass look higher up. The chopstick dipped into water looks bent. The rainbow looks curved. These are some examples of light refraction.

翻譯:空氣、水和玻璃可以使光通過,他們叫做介質。當光從一種介質傳播到另一種介質,例如從水射入空氣,方向會發生變化,這一現象叫光的折射。厚玻璃下面的字看起來更高。浸入水中的筷子看起來彎曲。彩虹是彎的。這些都是光的折射。

講解:medium是介質的意思,介質是指能夠傳播能量的載體。Dip,浸蘸。Curve用作名詞是曲線的意思,curved爲形容詞,彎曲的。

以上一些例子中,句子大多爲簡單句,語言並不算難。我們可以看到,一些常見的詞彙,例如medium媒介,在物理學科中就成爲了專有名詞。如果有相關的物理背景知識,還是很好理解的。有很多我們日常生活中認識的詞彙,在科學背景的材料中似乎就變得難以理解了。這是因爲我們欠缺相關的專業知識,不知道這個詞在這樣的語境下是什麼意思。爲了避免這種情況,需要多積累廣泛的背景知識,並在學習的時候充分調動起來。

物理學科其他常用詞彙:

力force

速度velocity

熱heat

溫度temperature

固體solid

液體liquid

氣體gas

晶體crystal

熔點melting point

凝固點solidifying point

汽化vaporization

蒸發evaporation

沸騰boiling

液化liquefaction

昇華sublimation

凝華condensation

熱傳遞heat transfer

熱傳導heat conduction

熱對流heat convection

熱輻射heat radiation

吸收absorb(v.)

放出release(v.)

玻璃glass

磁體magnet

重力gravity

浮力buoyancy force

電electricity

正極positive plate

負極negative plate

電壓voltage

伏特Volt

摩擦起電electrification by friction

電路electric circuit

電源power source

導線wire

電鍵/開關key(switch)

電流electric current

燈泡light bulb

試管test tube

漏斗filter funnel

燒杯 beaker

量杯 graduated cylinder