摘 要
轉速是各類電機運行中的一個重要物理量，如何準確、快速而又方便地測量電機轉速，極爲重要。
目前國內外常用的轉速測量方法有離心式轉速錶測速法、測速發電機測速法、閃光測速法、光電碼盤測速法和霍爾元件測速法等。通過對現行電動機測速方法的研究發現離心式轉速錶和測速發電機由於要直接與電機轉軸連接，測速儀作爲電機的負載，對電機功耗較大，甚至有些電機根本帶不動轉速錶和測速發電機，所以轉速錶和測速發電機對電機的測速不太適用，本文提出了電動機無接觸測速法。詳細分析了電動機無接觸測速法的測速原理，介紹了無接觸測速法所用的傳感器光電碼盤，設計了無接觸測速的三種電路：①光電碼盤LED顯示數字電路型，②光電碼盤LED顯示單片機控制型，③光電碼盤LCD顯示單片機控制型。對於每一種電路分析了電路的組成、工作原理、轉速的計算公式、元器件的邏輯參數和特性，給出了具體的電路，對於用單片機實現的電路，還分析了軟件設計的方法，給出了程序流程圖和程序清單。
用這三種測速方法設計的測速儀安裝維護方便，工作穩定，運行可靠，測量精度高，具有較大的推廣應用價值。
關鍵詞：電動機，單片機，傳感器，無接觸，測速
ABSTRACT
Rotational speed is the primary physics data during the operation of various motors. It's extremely important to measure the rotational speed precisely, instantaneously and conveniently.
Nowadays the rotational speed-measuring methods; which are uncommon use in the country and abroad, includes: the eccentric turn-meter, the rotational speed-measuring dynamotor, the flashlight, the photo electricity coder, the Hall sensor. Via the research into the existing measuring methods of electric motor, it's discovered that electric motors consummates too much power and even some of them cannot run the trumpeter and rotational speed-measuring dynamotor. The recruit is caused because eccentric remitter is attached to electric motor rotor directly. Based on the fact that both tempter and rotational speed-measuring dynamotor don't apply to the rotational speed-measuring of electric motor, it's essential to put-forward non-contact rev-measuring method. With scientific analysis of principle (non-contracture-measuring)of method. More details about how to make photo electricity coder and sensor are introduced in this article. Three types of circuits are presented: ①the photo electricity coder LED-displaying digital circuit ②the photo electricity coder LED-displaying single-chip microcomputer control ③the photo electricity coder LCD-displaying single-chip microcomputer control. Specific circuits designed for each style after analyzing the circuit's composing, operation principle, calculating formula, component's logic parameter and characteristics. To the circuit operated by single-chip microcomputer, the method of software-design is analyzed and the procedure flow diagram/procedure lists are also provided.
With those three methods mentioned above, a new type of trumpeter can be developed. This new trumpeter has advantage in convenience if installation and maintenance. It can operate steadily, measure accurately too. The latest turnmeter's application and dissemination would be marketable and profitable.
KEY WORDS: electric motor, single-chip, sensor, non-contacting, rev-measuring
目 錄
第1章 緒論 3
1.1 概述 3
1.2 電機轉速測試技術的國內、外發展現狀 3
1.2.1 常用的數字測速方法 4
1.2.2 模擬式轉速測試裝置 8
1.2.3 常用數字測速方法評價 9
1.3 目前國內外使用的速度測試裝置存在的缺點 10
第2章 光電測速法的基本原理 11
2.1 電機轉速的常用測量技術 11
2.1.1 機械離心式轉速計測轉速 11
2.1.2 用光電反射式傳感器測轉速 11
2.1.3 用電磁傳感器測轉速 12
2.1.4 日光燈法 12
2.1.5 感應線圈法 13
2.1.6 測振法測量轉速 13
2.1.7 漏磁法測量轉速 14
2.2 光電碼盤測速法原理 16
2.3 用數字電路構成的光電碼盤測速電路 17
2.3.1 電路概述 17
2.3.2 電路輸出波形 21
2.3.3 存在問題 22