Naturalism in The Call of the Wild
Abstract
Naturalism, an aesthetic movement in late 19thand early 20thcentury, was inspired by adaptation of the principles and methods of natural science, especially Darwinian view of nature, to literature and art. Jack London was regarded as one of the greatest naturalist novelists, and he expressed his philosophy of naturalism in The Call of the Wild. The characterization of Buck reflects Darwin’s theory of “the big fish eat up the small, the fittest survive.” In fact, all his writings demonstrate his deep love and unique understanding of the wildness. This thesis attempts to explore the trend of naturalism in The Call of the Wild by analyzing its theme and writing skills, and find out the cause that lead to this naturalist tendency: the influence of naturalism on London and the hardship of his life.
Key Words : Naturalism; the survival of the fittest; Jake London;
The Call of the Wild
摘 要
自然主義是19世紀末20世紀初美學上的1次運動，這次運動是由自然科學原則和方式的採用而激起的，尤其是達爾文對文學和藝術的自然觀。傑克倫敦被認爲是最偉大的自然主義小說家之1，他將他的自然主義哲學觀體現在《野性的呼喚》中，而巴克的形象創作反映了達爾文的理論“大魚吃小魚，適者生存。”事實上他所有的作品都證明了他對荒野的深深的愛和獨特的理解。本文將從主題和寫作技巧兩方面來分析傑克倫敦作品《野性的呼喚》中自然主義傾向，同時找尋出導致傑克倫敦自然主義傾向的'因素：傑克倫敦所處時代的自然主義思潮的影響；傑克倫敦自身的苦難經歷。
關鍵詞：自然主義、適者生存、傑克•倫敦、野性的呼喚
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